Doctor Who is a British science fiction television series broadcast by the BBC since 1963. The series, created by Sydney Newman, C E Webber and Donald Wilson, depicts the adventures of an extra-terrestrial being called the Doctor, part of a humanoid species called Time Lords. The Doctor travels in the universe and in time using a time travelling spaceship called the TARDIS, which externally appears as a British police box. While travelling, the Doctor works to save lives and liberate oppressed peoples by combating foes. The Doctor often travels with companions.
The series originally ran from 1963 to 1989 - known retrospectively as the classic period, comprising of 26 seasons. There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who. The series was relaunched in 2005. Beginning with William Hartnell, seven actors headlined the series as the Doctor during this period.
The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the series with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation, a plot device in which, when a Time Lord is fatally injured, their cells regenerate and they are reincarnated, into a different body with mannerisms and behaviour, but the same memories, explaining each actor's distinct portrayal, as they all represent different stages in the life of the Doctor and, together, they form a single lifetime with a single narrative. The time-travelling nature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet.
The series is a significant part of popular culture; it has gained a cult following. It has influenced generations of British television professionals, many of whom grew up watching the series.
The programme first appeared on the BBC Television Service at 17:16:20 GMT on November 23, 1963; this was eighty seconds later than the scheduled programme time, because of announcements concerning the previous day's assassination of John F Kennedy. It was to be a regular weekly programme, each episode 25 minutes of transmission length.
The head of drama Sydney Newman was mainly responsible for developing the programme along with the head of the script department (later head of serials) Donald Wilson and staff writer C E Webber. Writer Anthony Coburn, story editor David Whitaker and initial producer Verity Lambert also heavily contributed to the development of the series.
Australian TV writer and producer Coburn is credited with writing the first Doctor Who serial, An Unearthly Child. He liaised closely with Whitaker on establishing the format and characters of the show.
During the classic era of Doctor Who, seven actors portrayed the title character. They each played the Doctor for a number of years and some reprised the role, occasionally in multi-Doctor serials and specials. The first of these was the 10th anniversary story, The Three Doctors, in which the first two incarnations, played by William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton, joined with the incumbent Third Doctor, played by Jon Pertwee. In 1983, the 20th anniversary special, The Five Doctors, saw Troughton and Pertwee return to help Peter Davison, as the incumbent Fifth Doctor. Hartnell, who had died in 1975, was replaced by Richard Hurndall as the First Doctor. Tom Baker, who portrayed the Fourth Doctor over a record seven seasons, declined to appear, saying he felt it was toon since since he gave up the role in 1981. Troughton appeared in the 1985 Sixth Doctor (Colin Baker) story, The Two Doctors, and he died in 1987. In 1993, the 30th anniversary saw the surviving actors join up for Dimensions In Time, a crossover with the soap opera EastEnders for BBC Children In Need. Pertwee would pass away in 1996. The Seventh Doctor, played by Sylvester McCoy, briefly appeared in the 1996 television film, which starred Paul McGann as the Eighth Doctor.
The Third Doctor
(Jon Pertwee, 1970-74)
Seasons 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
The Sixth Doctor
(Colin Baker, 1984-86)
Seasons 21, 22, 23
The Fourth Doctor
(Tom Baker, 1974-81)
Seasons 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18
The Seventh Doctor
(Sylvester McCoy, 1987-89)
Seasons 24, 25, 26
Each Doctor would be accompanied on his adventures by at least one companion. The First Doctor initially travelled with his granddaughter, Susan Foreman, and two of her tutors, Ian Chesterton and Barbara Wright. When the Third Doctor was exiled to Earth by the Time Lords at the end of the Second Doctor's tenure, he was assigned an 'assistant' when he took up his post as Scientific Advisor at UNIT.
The United Nations Intelligence Taskforce, or UNIT, was an international military organisation which operated under the auspices of the United Nations. The Doctor worked closely with Brigadier Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart, who assigned him scientist Liz Shaw and civilian Jo Grant to assist him, until he was joined by journalist Sarah Jane Smith. The Brigadier was himself assisted by Sergeant Benton and Captain Mike Yates.
Some characters returned for anniversary specials, but only Sarah Jane Smith and K9 were given their own spin-off, K9 And Company (1981). it was meant to be the pilot for a series that never materialised but Elisabeth Sladen would get her own series, The Sarah Jane Adventures, in 2007, after the revived Doctor Who series began.
The Master
Sea Devil
Sensorite
Silurian
Sontaran
Voord
Zygon
Doctor Who was originally intended to be an educational series, with the TARDIS taking the form of an object from that particular episode's time period (a column in Ancient Greece, a sarcophagus in Egypt, etc) but this would prove costly so it was decided to invent the plot device of the TARDIS's 'Chameleon Circuit' malfunctioning, giving the prop its characteristic 'police-box' appearance.
Polish production designer Peter Brachacki was brought in to design the first serial but he was replaced by Barry Newbery after the first episode was recorded. They designed the original TARDIS prop and the control room.
Brian Hodgson of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop provided special sounds, or sound effects, for Doctor Who up until 1972 and he is credited with creating the distinctive sound of the TARDIS dematerialising.
Compilation of the TARDIS materialising and de-materialising in the classic Doctor Who series (1963-89)
Doctor Who had several producers credited on the show and was ground-breaking at the start by employing a female, Verity Lambert, as its first. However, she was assigned an Associate Producer, Mervyn Pinfield, who was employed to support her in her first producing role. Pinfield very quickly found that she was perfectly capable. Classic Doctor Who only had one other associate producer; Peter Bryant assumed the role in 1967. He had also been a story editor on the show.
Barry Letts was also a director and a writer of several episodes but because of the BBC's rule that you could not be credited more than once, he would often be uncredited in these roles. Letts was the only person credited as executive producer, while John Nathan-Turner began his tenure as the show's producer. He was, in effect, fulfilling the role previously credited as associate producer.
Classic Doctor Who credited 68 writers, including five with pseudonyms: "Robin Bland" (Terrance Dicks & Robert Holmes), "Guy Leopold" (Barry Letts & Robert Sloman), "Norman Ashby" (Mervyn Haisman & Henry Lincoln), and "Stephen Harris" (Lewis Greifer & Robert Holmes"). "David Agnew" is a pen name that was employed on BBC television drama programmes of the 1970s.
The pseudonym "David Agnew" was most often used when the original freelance scriptwriter was unable to accommodate fundamental changes requested by the production staff, who therefore had to perform a significant rewrite themselves. BBC rules prevented the production staff from taking screen credit without a time-consuming, bureaucratic appeals process, meaning that the quickest way for the project to continue under the BBC system was to use the name of a non-existent writer. The pseudonym entered into use on Doctor Who after Anthony Read became the show's script editor. Read and producer Graham Williams used the pen name hurriedly to assemble The Invasion of Time in 1978. A year later, the name concealed the joint work of Douglas Adams, Williams and David Fisher on City of Death.
Robert Holmes was the most prolific, writing 15 full serials (he also wrote "The Ultimate Foe", part 1). Terry Nation, creator of the Daleks, wrote 10.5 serials (he wrote six out of the 12 episodes of The Daleks' Master Plan).
Doctor Who would employ script editors throughout the series. During the original series, the script editor worked in conjunction with the series producer in developing the creative direction of the series and they held the power to commission scripts, effectively becoming second in command to the producer. David Whitaker was the first, and Terrance Dicks had the longest tenure on the show. Antony Root was script editor for just two serials and credited in name only for Earthshock, due to BBC rules preventing Eric Saward being writer and script editor on the same story.
The series' theme music was written by film and television composer Ron Grainer in collaboration with the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. While Grainer composed the basic melody, it was Delia Derbyshire who provided the iconic sounds and form of the theme. On hearing the finished result, Grainer asked, "Jeez, Delia, did I write that?" She answered, "Most of it." Grainer attempted to secure co-writing credit for Derbyshire, but due to rules in place at the time she was not allowed to receive a songwriting credit, although the Workshop and she would be regularly credited on the series.
While the theme has undergone many rearrangements, this piece of music has remained throughout the show's history, making it one of the most recognisable themes in the history of British television.
Derbyshire created four theme arrangements. The first was used only for the pilot version of "An Unearthly Child" and was almost identical to the version used in the televised version, except for additional sound effects such as a thunderclap. The second version was from An Unearthly Child (1963) to The Faceless Ones, episode 1 (1967), after which an updated arrangement was introduced that was used until The War Games (1969). Derbyshire revised the arrangement further in 1970 and this version was used from Spearhead From Space (1970) to The Horns of Nimon (1979).
1963-67
1967-69
1970-79
The first new arrangement of Grainer's theme was arranged by Peter Howell, which made its debut for Season 18 in 1980 and was used up to and including Season 22 in 1985. Howell produced a special edit for the 20th anniversary special, The Five Doctors, in 1983.
A special arrangement by Dominic Glynn for Season 23 (Trial Of A Time Lord, 1986) - not available on Spotify - was replaced by one by Keff McCulloch the following year, up to the end of the classic series in 1989.
During the 1960s, the incidental music used in Doctor Who comprised largely of special sounds and/or stock music although Norman Kay, Tristram Cary and Dudley Simpson are regularly credited during that period. It was really only with the rise of Barry Letts as producer in the 1970s that serials began to consistently utilise genuine, specially composed incidental music scores. Initially, the music was typically composed by Simpson, and performed using acoustic instruments or with the limited addition of a synthesiser. When John Nathan-Turner took over in 1980, Simpson was dismissed and the music was mainly performed on synthesisers by members the BBC Radiophonic Workshop, which included Peter Howell, Paddy Kingsland, Roger Limb, Malcolm Clarke, Dominic Glynn, and Keff McCulloch. Brian Hodgson was largely involved in providing 'special sounds' but also supplied incidental music for several stories. However, because the BBC insisted that you could only be credited once, he went uncredited for those.
Later series employed freelance composers, including Mark Ayres, who utilised commercially available synthesisers, a practice which continued until the end of the classic series in 1989.
Revenge of the Cybermen
The Leisure Hive
Meglos
Warriors' Gate
Kinda
Snakedance
The King's Demons
The Five Doctors
The Awakening
Planet of Fire
The Two Doctors
The Keeper Of Traken
Four To Doomsday
Black Orchid
Time-Flight
Arc Of Infinity
Terminus
The Caves Of Androzani
Revelation Of The Daleks
Sea Devils
Earthshock
Enlightenment
Resurrection Of The Daleks
The Twin Dilemma
Attack Of The Cybermen
Terror Of The Vervoids
Time and the Rani
Paradise Towers
Delta and the Bannermen
Remembrance of the Daleks
Silver Nemesis
Battlefield
Shada (VHS Release)
Dimensions in Time
The Mysterious Planet
The Ultimate Foe
Dragonfire
The Happiness Patrol
Survival
The Web of Fear
The Wheel in Space
The Dominators
The Mind Robber
The Krotons
Inferno
The King's Demons
Warriors of the Deep
Vengeance on Varos
The Mark of the Rani
Doctor Who and the Silurians
Death to the Daleks
Revenge of the Cybermen
The Greatest Show in the Galaxy
Ghost Light
The Curse of Fenric
The original title sequence was designed by graphics designer Bernard Lodge. It consisted of a simple 'howlround' effect over the stark original arrangement of the Doctor Who theme. The logo was mixed into the image and then moves into the distance as the sequence cross-fades into the first scene of the episode. The titles did not feature an image of the Doctor until 1967 and the opening credits of the Second Doctor adventure, The Macra Terror. Also designed by Lodge, there was a more active 'howlround', and was the first to truly illustrate the Time Vortex effect. A closeup of a smiling Patrick Troughton breaks apart to reveal a redesigned logo.
In 1970, the shift to colour production, and a new Doctor, resulted in a new title sequence, again designed by Lodge. The Time Vortex was similar to the previous version but was given a red hue, with a more tunnel-like 'howlround'. A new image of Jon Pertwee replaced that of Troughton. In 1973, Lodge made a new sequence for Pertwee's final season. A 'slit-screen' effect was used to render stars shooting through space and the sequence begins with a close-up of Pertwee's face which pulls back to reveal a full-length image of the actor. He then becomes an outline, which shows the Time Vortex, heading towards the camera and completely vanishing. The show's iconic 'diamond logo' was introduced with this version.
When Tom Baker assumed the title role in 1974, Lodge adapted the previous sequence to open with an image of the TARDIS going through the Time Vortex. A close up of Baker's face appears, fading away to show the Time Vortex
1963-66
1973-74
1966-69
1974-80
1970-73
For Baker's final season, there was a radical reimagining of the title sequence, designed by Sid Sutton. Along with Peter Howell's new arrangement of the theme tune, the logo was replaced by a neon-tube-like branding. A new starfield, influenced by Star Wars, was introduced with a new image of Tom Baker forming out of the stars.
From 1982, Sutton's title sequence was modified to feature Peter Davison's face as he took over the title role. The closing sequence featured a new version of the cliff-hanger 'sting' by Howell and was notable for introducing the 'sonic boom' effect, where the titles would end with the theme fading out and one of the stars expanding and going supernova, with the screen going white and then fading to black.
Sutton then had to incorporate the face of Colin Baker when he became the Doctor. For the first time, animation was added to the Doctor's image with Baker going from a sombre expression to a smile. Howell's arrangement of the theme was replaced by Dominic Glynn's.
1980-81
1982-84
1986
1984-85
For new Doctor, Sylvester McCoy, a completely new title sequence was commissioned, and was designed by Oliver Elmes. Now with computer animation, it began with an explosion, which turned into stars that surrounded a galaxy-like purple 'swirl'. Three white asteroids then flew into it, in rhythm with the Doctor Who theme. The TARDIS, inside a 'bubble' of protection, rotated into the galaxy, vanishing just as a spiral of blue energy swirled from the galaxy and disintegrated. The Doctor's face then appeared, painted silver to emulate computer-animation, which now had three expressions; sombre, then a wink, then a smile. The Doctor Who logo was again redesigned.
1987-89
An Unearthly Child
We are introduced to the First Doctor, Susan Foreman, Ian Chesterton & Barbara Wright
The Daleks
The Doctor's first meets his biggest enemy, the Daleks
First appearance of Thals
The Edge Of Destruction
Marco Polo
The Keys Of Marinus
The Aztecs
The Sensorites
The Reign Of Terror
Planet Of Giants
The Dalek Invasion Of Earth
Susan Foreman leaves the TARDIS
The Rescue
Vicki joins the First Doctor, Ian & Barbara in the TARDIS
The Romans
The Web Planet
The Crusade
The Space Museum
The Chase
The Daleks return
Ian Chesterton & Barbara Wright leave the TARDIS and Steven Taylor joins the Doctor
The Time Meddler
The Monk makes his first appearance; he is apparently from the Doctor's own race
Galaxy Four
Mission to The Unknown
The First Doctor, Vicki and Steven do not appear in this episode
The Daleks return
The Myth Makers
Vicki leaves the TARDIS and Katrina joins the Doctor
The Daleks' Master Plan
The Daleks return
Katrina becomes the first companion to be killed
Sara Kingdom briefly joins the Doctor before being killed herself
The Monk briefly returns
The Massacre
Dodo Chaplet boards the TARDIS
The Ark
The Celestial Toymaker
The Gunfighters
The Savages
Steven Taylor leaves the TARDIS
The War Machines
Polly & Ben Jackson join the Doctor
The Smugglers
The Tenth Planet
The Doctor regenerates after facing the Cybermen for the first time
The Power Of The Daleks
The Second Doctor makes his full debut
The Daleks return
The Highlanders
Jamie McCrimmon joins the Doctor, Polly & Ben
The Underwater Menace
The Moonbase
The Cybermen return
The Macra Terror
The Faceless Ones
Polly & Ben Jackson leave the TARDIS
The Evil Of The Daleks
The Daleks return
Victoria Waterfield joins the Doctor and Jamie
The Tomb Of The Cybermen
The Cybermen return
The Abominable Snowmen
The Doctor first encounters The Great Intelligence that uses Robot Yeti to do its bidding
The Ice Warriors
Ice Warriors make their debut
The Enemy Of The World
The Web Of Fear
The Great Intelligence returns with Robot Yeti
(Colonel) Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart makes his first appearance, but not as part of UNIT
Fury From the Deep
Victoria Waterfield leaves the TARDIS
The Wheel In Space
The Cybermen return
Zoe Heriot joins the Doctor and Jamie
The Dominators
The Mind Robber
The Invasion
The Cybermen return
UNIT is introduced, headed by Brigadier Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart, and aided by (Colonel) Benton
The Krotons
The Seeds Of Death
The Ice Warriors return
The Space Pirates
The War Games
The Doctor's own race, the Time Lords, are formally introduced
The Doctor is forced to regenerate and he is exiled to Earth
Jamie and Zoe are returned to their own places and times
Spearhead From Space
We are introduced to the Third Doctor after he is exiled to Earth by his own people, the Time Lords, without the knowledge to fly the TARDIS
The Doctor joins UNIT as their Scientific Advisor and is assigned Dr Liz Shaw as his assistant
Brigadier Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart becomes a regular character
While the Doctor is in exile, UNIT makes an appearance in almost all stories
(Doctor Who And) The Silurians
The Silurians make their debut
The Ambassadors Of Death
(Sergeant) Benton returns
Inferno
Benton returns
Last regular appearance of Liz Shaw
Terror Of The Autons
The Third Doctor is joined by Jo Grant as his new assistant
First appearance of Captain Mike Yates and The Master, who appears in every serial of this season
The Mind Of Evil
The Claws Of Axos
Colony In Space
Of UNIT, only the Brigadier appears in this story
The Daemons
Last regular appearance Yates
Day Of The Daleks
The Daleks return and Ogrons make their first appearance as their slaves
Last regular appearance of Benton
The Curse Of Peladon
The Ice Warriors return but not as an enemy
The Sea Devils
The Master returns
The Sea Devils are introduced as a cousin to the Silurians
The Mutants
The Time Monster
The Master returns
Benton and Yates appear in this serial
The Three Doctors
The First Doctor and Second Doctor return in this 10th anniversary special story
Renegade Time Lord, Omega, makes his first appearance
Benton appears in this serial
The Time Lords revoke the Doctor's exile, allowing to use the TARDIS again
Carnival of Monsters
Frontier In Space
The Master returns (final appearance of Roger Delgado)
The Daleks and Ogrons return
Planet Of The Daleks
The Daleks and Thals return
The Green Death
Benton and Yates appear in this serial
Jo leaves the TARDIS
The Time Warrior
Sarah Jane Smith joins the Doctor
A Sontaran makes its first appearance
Invasion Of The Dinosaurs
Benton and Yates appear in this serial
Death To The Daleks
The Daleks return
The Monster Of Peladon
The Ice Warriors return but not as an enemy
Planet Of The Spiders
The Doctor regenerates again
Benton and Yates appear in this serial; it would be Yates' final appearance until the anniversary specials The Five Doctors and Dimensions In Time
Full debut of the Fourth Doctor
Harry Sullivan joins the Doctor and Sarah
Benton appears in this serial
The Sontarans return
The Daleks return and their creator, Davros, makes his first appearance
The Cybermen return
Terror Of The Zygons
Benton appears in this serial
Harry leaves the TARDIS
Planet Of Evil
Pyramids Of Mars
The Android Invasion
Last appearances of Benton and Harry
The Brain Of Morbius
The Seeds Of Doom
The Masque Of Mandragora
The Hand Of Fear
Sarah leaves the TARDIS
The Deadly Assassin
The Master returns but in a heavily decayed state due to a problem with his regeneration
The Face Of Evil
Leela joins the Doctor
The Robots Of Death
The Talons Of Weng-Chiang
Horror Of Fang Rock
After being mentioned as an enemy of the Sontarans, a Rutan makes its only appearance
The Invisible Enemy
K9 joins the Doctor and Leela
Image Of The Fendahl
The Sun Makers
Underworld
The Invasion Of Time
The Sontarans return
The Ribos Operation
The Doctor is sent on a mission to retrieve the Key of Time by the White Guardian
He and K9 are joined by Time Lady Romana
The "Key to Time" is a story arc that lasts the whole of the season
The Pirate Planet
The Stones Of Blood
The Androids Of Tara
The Power Of Kroll
The Armageddon Factor
The Doctor finally meets the Black Guardian for the first time
Destiny Of The Daleks
Romana regenerates
The Daleks return
City Of Death
The Creature From The Pit
Nightmare Of Eden
The Horns Of Nimon
[Shada]
Production of this serial was aborted due to rampant inflation in Britain and union strikes
The Leisure Hive
Meglos
Full Circle
Adric joins the Fourth Doctor, Romana II and K9
State Of Decay
Warriors' Gate
Romana II and K9 leave the TARDIS
The Keeper Of Traken
The Master returns
Nyssa joins the Fourth Doctor and Adric
Logopolis
The Master returns
Tegan Jovanka joins the Doctor, Adric and Nyssa
The Doctor regenerates again
A Girl's Best Friend
Castrovalva
Four To Doomsday
Kinda
The Visitation
Black Orchid
Earthshock
Time-flight
Arc Of Infinity
Snakedance
Mawdryn Undead
Terminus
Enlightenment
The King's Demons
Warriors Of The Deep
The Awakening
Frontios
Resurrection Of The Daleks
Planet Of Fire
The Caves Of Androzani
The Twin Dilemma
The first full adventure for the Sixth Doctor
Attack Of The Cybermen
Vengeance On Varos
The Mark Of The Rani
The Two Doctors
Timelash
Revelation Of The Daleks
The season-long story arc is known as Trial Of A Time Lord
The Mysterious Planet
Mindwarp
Terror of The Vervoids
The Ultimate Foe
Time And The Rani
Paradise Towers
Delta And The Bannermen
Dragonfire
Remembrance Of The Daleks
The Happiness Patrol
Silver Nemesis
The Greatest Show In The Galaxy
Battlefield
Ghost Light
The Curse Of Fenric
Survival